the effects of concept mapping strategy and aural vs. written prompts on writing test performance under different planning conditions

this study examined the effects of aural and written prompts under two planning conditions (i.e. pre-task planning and no planning) on complexity, accuracy, and fluency of test takers' writing production. forty learners in an english institute, who had already been classified as intermediate according to the oxford placement test, were assigned to two planning conditions (i.e. no planning and pre-task planning). then the planning groups were further divided into another two groups: with aural prompt and with written prompt. also, concept mapping strategy was applied during pre-task planning time by the test takers. the results obtained from t-test and two-way anova revealed that the candidates who had received the written prompt utilized their planning time better and produced more fluent written texts than those who received the aural prompt. furthermore, neither concept mapping strategy with aural prompt nor concept mapping strategy with written prompt led to more complex or more accurate writings. finally, the interaction of no planning condition and written prompt had a significant effect on complexity in comparison with the pre-task planning condition with written prompt. also, written prompt under no planning condition had a significant effect on complexity in comparison with the same planning condition with aural prompt. it was concluded that the planned conditions, concept mapping strategy and the received prompts had little effect on the test takers' writing performance.